Abstract:

This paper explores how language simultaneously fragments and integrates societies by juxtaposing the biblical narrative of the Tower of Babel with the historical and contemporary evolution of Indian language policy. It first examines the linguistic reorganization of Indian states and the constitutional accommodation of diversity, highlighting both the empowerment of regional identities and the emergence of new forms of exclusion. It then analyses current debates on Hindi imposition as struggles over cultural legitimacy and federal balance, especially in non-Hindi-speaking states. The discussion finally evaluates the role of English as an associate official and link language that facilitates inter-state coordination, higher education, and global engagement without displacing regional tongues. The paper argues that a signage and policy framework that visibly includes all constitutionally recognized languages, anchored by English as a connecting language, offers a pragmatic route to reconciling unity, equity, and plurality in India’s multilingual public sphere.