Original Research Article

Introduction Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) constitute a vital component of national economies, particularly in developing countries, where they drive employment, innovation, and regional development. In Sri Lanka, SMEs represent over 75% of all enterprises, contribute nearly 52% to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and provide approximately 45% of total employment [1]. Despite their economic

INTRODUCTION Markets have increasingly become volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous (VUCA) which can be attributed to both globalization and digitalization. As a result, companies encounter a work environment that is fiercely competitive and rapidly evolving, necessitating their prompt and appropriate response and adaptation. Consequently, both companies and employees are under growing pressure, leading to a

Review of Literature Several scholars have addressed the political history of Kashmir during the early 20th century. Studies focusing on legal and constitutional developments, nationalist movements, communal dynamics, and socio-political reforms provide valuable insights into this period [1–4]. Despite these contributions, a holistic narrative that connects grassroots political awakening with institutional transformation remains limited. This

1.1 Introduction 1.1.1 Conceptual Framework Education is universally acknowledged as a foundational pillar of human development, essential not only for individual empowerment but also for the broader socioeconomic advancement of societies [1]. It functions as both an intrinsic human right and a fundamental means of achieving a wide array of other rights. Through education, individuals

1. INTRODUCTION Historica: Apple is one of the most important horticultural products and popular for its flavor and health benefits around the world. Kullu valley (Himachal Pradesh) were the Britishers bring apple for cultivation first time in India during 1865, and later in 1917 they brought colored ‘delicious’ apple cultivars into Shimla mountains in the